CSE MENTOR: Materials

Difference between Backtracking Vs Branch and Bound

October 14, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><h3><span id="Backtracking_and_Branch_and_Bound_Comparison_Chart">Backtracking and Branch and Bound Comparison Chart</span></h3>
<table class="tablepress tablepress-id-87" style="width: 76.0503%;">
<thead>
<tr class="row-1 odd">
<th class="column-1" style="text-align: center; width: 52.5132%;"><b>Backtracking</b></th>
<th class="column-2" style="text-align: center; width: 46.6931%;"><b>Branch and Bound</b></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody class="row-hover">
<tr class="row-2 even">
<td class="column-1" style="width: 52.5132%;">Backtracking is used to solve decision problems</td>
<td class="column-2" style="width: 46.6931%;">Branch and bound are used to solve optimization problems</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-3 odd">
<td class="column-1" style="width: 52.5132%;">Backtracking is traced by DFS</td>
<td class="column-2" style="width: 46.6931%;">Branch and Bound are traced by BFS and DFS</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-4 even">
<td class="column-1" style="width: 52.5132%;">Backtracking contains the feasibility function.</td>
<td class="column-2" style="width: 46.6931%;">Branch and Bound contain the bounding function.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-5 odd">
<td class="column-1" style="width: 52.5132%;">Backtracking is more efficient.</td>
<td class="column-2" style="width: 46.6931%;">Branch-and-Bound is less efficient.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-6 even">
<td class="column-1" style="width: 52.5132%;">Applications:<p></p>
<ul><li>N Queen Problem,</li><li>Graph coloring problem,</li><li>Hamiltonian cycle problem,</li><li>Knapsack Problem,</li><li>Sum of subsets problem</li></ul>
</td>
<td class="column-2" style="width: 46.6931%;">Applications:<p></p>
<ul><li>Job sequencing problem</li><li>Traveling salesman problem</li><li>Knapsack problem</li></ul>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />

Materials Difference between Backtracking Vs Branch and Bound

Backtracking and Branch and Bound Comparison Chart Backtracking Branch and Bound Backtracking is used to solve decision problems...

NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 DAA Video Tutorial

October 14, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p style="text-align: justify;"> An Algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a problem. Design and 
Analysis of Algorithm is very important for designing algorithm to solve
 different types of problems in the branch of computer science and 
information technology. This tutorial introduces the fundamental 
concepts of Designing Strategies, Complexity analysis of Algorithms, 
followed by problems on Graph Theory and Sorting methods. This tutorial 
also includes the basic concepts on Complexity theory.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPABfUGLzVwhOkcK1C2Dz0b0z-hNgOtyL_q4kCTMNLHrLTkZOJFIkbwzYj4MZ2v28uR-SukC_H8D9T1y2scNA2_Mwi5KSQYoEpQGtngVwI5ywd63VW2wqyEzPtxMtlF-1Y-6D5ZpB9ctZKlRegF0vSvX70aWwlAFQGHFJrxtpynFlDwvaBgw_GscSCyL4/s1200/design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-0-1666549021.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1200" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPABfUGLzVwhOkcK1C2Dz0b0z-hNgOtyL_q4kCTMNLHrLTkZOJFIkbwzYj4MZ2v28uR-SukC_H8D9T1y2scNA2_Mwi5KSQYoEpQGtngVwI5ywd63VW2wqyEzPtxMtlF-1Y-6D5ZpB9ctZKlRegF0vSvX70aWwlAFQGHFJrxtpynFlDwvaBgw_GscSCyL4/s320/design-and-analysis-of-algorithms-0-1666549021.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Note: Click on the topic to watch video <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: red;"> UNIT-I</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ds9U56KIC8" target="_blank">1. Algorithm Specification</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmoQ6ZKId3k" target="_blank">Performance Analysis -Space complexity</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sn1ugY-jzQE" target="_blank">Performance Analysis -Time complexity</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A03oI0znAoc" target="_blank">Asymptotic Notations (Big-oh notation).</a> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nd0XDY-jVHs" target="_blank">Asymptotic Notations (Omega notation).</a> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFZ_0jXaaAQ" target="_blank">Asymptotic Notations (Theta notation). </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PlqXj50ZZc" target="_blank">7. Small O Notifications</a>   <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: red;">UNIT-II (Divide and Conquer)</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Rr2tW9zvRg" target="_blank">General method</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. Binary search</p><p style="text-align: justify;">   2.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2apEw9pgtw" target="_blank">Binary search Iterative Method</a><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">  2.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEUXGcc2VXM" target="_blank">Binary search Recursive Method</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">  2.3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3LvSqpI5BOg" target="_blank">Time Complexity Analysis </a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. Merge sort</p><p style="text-align: justify;">   3.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mB5HXBb_HY8&t=48s" target="_blank">Merge sort Example </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">   3.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=279cymdrmdg" target="_blank">Merge sort Time Complexity </a> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. Quick sort</p><p style="text-align: justify;">   4.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7h1s2SojIRw&t=12s" target="_blank">Quick sort Example</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">  4.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qOVVRIZzao" target="_blank">Quick sort Time Complexity </a><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. Strassen’s matrix multiplication.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">  5.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oJyNmEbS4w&t=1170s" target="_blank">Introduction to Strassen’s matrix multiplication.</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"> 5.2.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEq9QuNpQ6E" target="_blank"> Example of Strassen’s matrix multiplication.</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Note: Algorithm, example, and Time Complexity are important while writing Exam.   </p><p style="text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="color: red;">UNIT-III (Greedy method)</span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARvQcqJ_-NY&t=24s" target="_blank">General method</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTTzNMHM05I" target="_blank">Knapsack problem</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zPtI8q9gvX8" target="_blank">Job sequencing with deadlines</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. Minimum cost spanning trees</p><p style="text-align: justify;">   4.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZlRH0eK-qQ" target="_blank">Prim's Algorithm </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">       4.1.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTlloolNQec" target="_blank">Prim's Algorithm Time Complexity </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">   4.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZlRH0eK-qQ" target="_blank">Kruskals Algorithm </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">      4.2.1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDYZK0_7zk0" target="_blank">Kruskals Algorithm Time Complexity </a><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XB4MIexjvY0" target="_blank">Single source shortest paths</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: red;">UNIT-IV(Dynamic Programming) </b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dRGRueKU3M" target="_blank">The General method</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNI0rf2P9gE&t=433s" target="_blank">All pairs shortest path problem Example</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">    2.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HAFAD8XbXps" target="_blank">All pairs shortest path problem Algorithm Analysis</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">3.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wAy6nDMPYAE" target="_blank">Optimal binary search trees</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nLmhmB6NzcM" target="_blank">0/1 knapsack Problem</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uJOmqBwENB8" target="_blank">Reliability design</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">6. <a href="https://www.javatpoint.com/travelling-sales-person-problem" target="_blank">The Travelling sales person problem</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_WncuhSJZyA" target="_blank">Matrix-chain multiplication</a> <br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">UNIT-V</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b style="color: red;">Backtracking: </b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DKCbsiDBN6c" target="_blank">The General method</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xFv_Hl4B83A" target="_blank">N-Queen problem</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyLxTdsT8ws" target="_blank">Sum of subsets</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=052VkKhIaQ4" target="_blank">Graph coloring</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQr4wZCiJJ4" target="_blank">Hamiltonian cycles</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /><b><span style="color: red;">Branch and Bound: </span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3RBNPc0_Q6g" target="_blank">The method</a></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV1d-b_NeK8&t=383s" target="_blank">0/1 knapsack problem </a><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FEP_sNb62k" target="_blank">Travelling sales person problem.</a></p><h2 style="text-align: center;">Differences between different methodologies </h2><p style="text-align: justify;">1. <a href="https://csementor.blogspot.com/2023/10/difference-between-greedy-algorithm-and-divide-and-conquer-algorithm.html" target="_blank">Difference between divide and conquer Vs Greedy Method </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">2. <a href="https://csementor.blogspot.com/2023/10/difference-between-divide-and-conquer-and-dynamic-programming.html" target="_blank">Difference between divide and conquer Vs Dynamic Programming</a> </p><p style="text-align: justify;">3.<a href="https://csementor.blogspot.com/2023/10/greedy-approach-vs-dynamic-programming.html" target="_blank"> Difference between Greedy Method  Vs Dynamic Programming </a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">4. <a href="https://csementor.blogspot.com/2023/10/difference-between-backtracking-and-branch-and-bound.html" target="_blank">Difference between Backtracking Vs Branch and Bound  </a> </p>

Materials NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 DAA Video Tutorial

An Algorithm is a sequence of steps to solve a problem. Design and Analysis of Algorithm is very important for designing algorithm to solv...

Difference between Greedy Method Vs Dynamic Programming

October 14, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p>Greedy approach and dynamic programming are two different algorithmic
 approaches that can be used to solve optimization problems. Here are 
the main differences between these two approaches:</p>
<h3>Greedy approach:</h3>
<ol><li>The greedy approach makes locally optimal choices at each step with the hope of finding a global optimum.</li><li>The greedy approach does not necessarily consider the future consequences of the current choice.</li><li>The greedy approach is useful for solving problems where making locally optimal choices at each step leads to a global optimum.</li><li>The greedy approach is generally faster and simpler than dynamic programming.</li></ol>
<h3>Dynamic programming:</h3>
<ol><li>Dynamic programming is a bottom-up algorithmic approach that builds 
up the solution to a problem by solving its subproblems recursively.</li><li>Dynamic programming stores the solutions to subproblems and reuses 
them when necessary to avoid solving the same subproblems multiple 
times.</li><li>Dynamic programming is useful for solving problems where the optimal
 solution can be obtained by combining optimal solutions to subproblems.</li><li>Dynamic programming is generally slower and more complex than the greedy approach, but it guarantees the optimal solution.</li><li>In summary, the main difference between the greedy approach and 
dynamic programming is that the greedy approach makes locally optimal 
choices at each step without considering the future consequences, while 
dynamic programming solves subproblems recursively and reuses their 
solutions to avoid repeated calculations. The greedy approach is 
generally faster and simpler, but may not always provide the optimal 
solution, while dynamic programming guarantees the optimal solution but 
is slower and more complex.</li></ol><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><p></p>

<h2><u>Greedy approach:</u></h2>
<blockquote>
<p>A Greedy algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that builds up a 
solution piece by piece, always choosing the next piece that offers the 
most obvious and immediate benefit. So the problems where choosing 
locally optimal also leads to a global solution is the best fit for 
Greedy. </p><div id="GFG_AD_gfg_mobile_336x280"></div>
</blockquote>
<p><b>Example:</b> In Fractional Knapsack Problem the local optimal strategy is to choose the item that has maximum <b>value vs weight</b> ratio. This strategy also leads to global optimal solution because we allowed taking fractions of an item. </p><p><b>Characteristics of Greedy approach: </b> </p><p>A problem that can be solved using the Greedy approach follows the below-mentioned properties: Optimal substructure property. </p><ul><li>Minimization or Maximization of quantity is required.</li><li>Ordered data is available such as data on increasing profit, decreasing cost, etc.</li><li>Non-overlapping subproblems.</li></ul> <h2 style="text-align: left;">Dynamic Programming:</h2><blockquote>
<p>Dynamic programming is mainly an <b>optimization over plain recursion</b>.
 Wherever we see a recursive solution that has repeated calls for the 
same inputs, we can optimize it using Dynamic Programming. The idea is 
to simply store the results of subproblems so that we do not have to 
re-compute them when needed later. This simple optimization reduces time
 complexities from exponential to polynomial.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>Example:</b> If we write a simple recursive solution for
 Fibonacci Numbers, we get exponential time complexity and to optimize 
it by storing solutions of subproblems, time complexity reduces to 
linear this can be achieved by <b>Tabulation </b>or <b>Memoization </b>method of Dynamic programming. </p>
<h3><b><u>Characteristics of Dynamic Programming:</u></b></h3>A problem that can be solved using Dynamic Programming must follow the below mentioned properties: <br /><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Optimal substructure property. </li><li>Overlapping subproblems.</li></ul><div> <br />Below are some major differences between Greedy method and Dynamic programming:  <figure class="table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>
<p style="text-align: center;">Feature</p>
</th>
<th>Greedy method</th>
<th>Dynamic programming</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Feasibility </b></p>
</td>
<td>In a greedy Algorithm, we make whatever choice seems best at the moment in the hope that it will lead to global optimal solution.</td>
<td>In Dynamic Programming
 we make decision at each step considering current problem and solution 
to previously solved sub problem to calculate optimal solution .</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Optimality</b></p>
</td>
<td>In Greedy Method, sometimes there is no such guarantee of getting Optimal Solution.</td>
<td>It is guaranteed that Dynamic Programming will generate an optimal 
solution as it generally considers all possible cases and then choose 
the best.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Recursion</b></p>
</td>
<td>A greedy method follows the problem solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each stage.</td>
<td>A Dynamic programming is an algorithmic technique which is usually 
based on a recurrent formula that uses some previously calculated 
states.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Memoization                                   </b></p>
</td>
<td>It is more efficient in terms of memory as it never look back or revise previous choices</td>
<td>It requires Dynamic Programming table for Memoization and it increases it’s memory complexity.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>    Time        complexity                    </b></p>
</td>
<td>Greedy methods are generally faster. For example, Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm takes O(ELogV + VLogV) time.</td>
<td>Dynamic Programming is generally slower. For example, Bellman Ford algorithm takes O(VE) time.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Fashion</b></p>
</td>
<td>The greedy method computes its solution by making its choices in a 
serial forward fashion, never looking back or revising previous choices.</td>
<td>Dynamic programming computes its solution bottom up or top down by synthesizing them from smaller optimal sub solutions.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;"><b>Example</b></p>
</td>
<td>Fractional knapsack . <br /> </td>
<td>0/1 knapsack problem <br /> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>
</div>

Materials Difference between Greedy Method Vs Dynamic Programming

Greedy approach and dynamic programming are two different algorithmic approaches that can be used to solve optimization problems. Here are ...

Difference between divide and conquer Vs Greedy Method

October 14, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p>Greedy algorithm and divide and conquer algorithm are two common 
algorithmic paradigms used to solve problems. The main difference 
between them lies in their approach to solving problems.</p>
<h3>Greedy Algorithm:</h3>
<ol><li>The greedy algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that follows the 
problem-solving heuristic of making the locally optimal choice at each 
stage with the hope of finding a global optimum.</li><li>In other words, a greedy algorithm chooses the best possible option 
at each step, without considering the consequences of that choice on 
future steps.<br />Greedy algorithms are useful for solving optimization problems that can be divided into smaller subproblems.<br />Greedy algorithms may not always find the optimal solution, but they are usually faster and simpler than other algorithms.</li><li>Greedy algorithm <span>is defined as a method for solving </span><b>optimization problems</b><span> by taking decisions that result in the most evident and immediate benefit irrespective of the final outcome</span>. It is a simple, intuitive algorithm that is used in optimization problems.</li></ol>
<h3>Divide and Conquer Algorithm:</h3>
<ol><li>The divide and conquer algorithm is an algorithmic paradigm that 
involves breaking down a problem into smaller subproblems, solving each 
subproblem recursively, and then combining the solutions to the 
subproblems to solve the original problem.<br />In other words, the divide
 and conquer algorithm solves a problem by dividing it into smaller 
subproblems, solving each subproblem independently, and then</li><li>combining the solutions to the subproblems to solve the original problem.<br />Divide
 and conquer algorithms are useful for solving problems that can be 
divided into smaller subproblems that are similar to the original 
problem.</li><li>Divide and conquer algorithms are generally slower than greedy 
algorithms, but they are more likely to find the optimal solution.<br />In
 summary, the main difference between greedy algorithms and divide and 
conquer algorithms is in their approach to solving problems. Greedy 
algorithms make locally optimal choices at each step, while divide and 
conquer algorithms divide a problem into smaller subproblems and solve 
each subproblem independently. Greedy algorithms are faster and simpler 
but may not always find the optimal solution, while divide and conquer 
algorithms are slower but more likely to find the optimal solution.</li></ol>
<p>A typical Divide and Conquer algorithm solves a problem using the following three steps:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul><li><b>Divide: </b>This involves dividing the problem into smaller sub-problems.</li><li><b>Conquer: </b>Solve sub-problems by calling recursively until solved.</li><li><b>Combine: </b>Combine the sub-problems to get the final solution of the whole problem.</li></ul></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p> </p>
<h2>Difference between the Greedy Algorithm and the Divide and Conquer Algorithm:</h2>
<figure class="table">
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Sl.No</th>
<th>
<p style="text-align: center;">Divide and conquer</p>
</th>
<th>
<p style="text-align: center;">Greedy Algorithm</p>
</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">1</p>
</td>
<td>Divide and conquer is used to obtain a solution to the given problem, it does not aim for the optimal solution.</td>
<td>The greedy method is used to obtain an optimal solution to the given problem.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">2</p>
</td>
<td>In this technique, the problem is divided into small subproblems. 
These subproblems are solved independently. Finally, all the solutions 
to subproblems are collected together to get the solution to the given 
problem.</td>
<td>In Greedy Method, a set of feasible solutions are generated and pick up one feasible solution is the optimal solution.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">3</p>
</td>
<td>Divide and conquer is less efficient and slower because it is recursive in nature.</td>
<td>A greedy method is comparatively efficient and faster as it is iterative in nature.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">4</p>
</td>
<td>Divide and conquer may generate duplicate solutions.</td>
<td>In the Greedy method, the optimal solution is generated without 
revisiting previously generated solutions, thus it avoids the 
re-computation </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">5</p>
</td>
<td>Divide and conquer algorithms mostly run in polynomial time.</td>
<td>Greedy algorithms also run in polynomial time but take less time than Divide and conquer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p style="text-align: center;">6</p>
</td>
<td>Examples: Merge sort, <br />Quick sort, <br />Strassen’s matrix multiplication.</td>
<td>Examples: Fractional Knapsack problem, <br />Activity selection problem, <br />Job sequencing problem<a href="https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/huffman-coding-greedy-algo-3/">.</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</figure>

Materials Difference between divide and conquer Vs Greedy Method

Greedy algorithm and divide and conquer algorithm are two common algorithmic paradigms used to solve problems. The main difference between...

Difference between divide and conquer Vs Dynamic Programming

October 14, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> <b>Divide and conquer</b> solves problems by breaking them into smaller subproblems, while <b>dynamic programming</b> solves problems by breaking them into overlapping subproblems and reusing their solutions.</p><div _ngcontent-sc166="" id="target-content"><div id="exam-info-container"><div class="card lms-custom-style ui-js-external-links" id="target-content-html">
<div class="table-responsive">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr class="table-head-bg-color">
<td>
<p><b>Divide and Conquer</b></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><b>Dynamic Programming</b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Breaks problems into smaller subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Breaks problems into overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Solves subproblems independently</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Reuses solutions of overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Typically uses recursion</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Typically uses iteration</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>No shared information between subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Stores solutions in a table for future reference</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Subproblems are solved sequentially</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Subproblems can be solved in any order</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Often results in redundant computations</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Avoids redundant computations through memoization</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Generally has a higher time complexity</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Generally has a lower time complexity</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Can be more intuitive for certain problems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Can be more efficient for problems with overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Examples: Merge sort, Quick sort</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Examples: Fibonacci sequence, Shortest path problems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May not exploit optimal substructure</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Exploits optimal substructure to find optimal solutions</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Requires combining results of subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Requires identifying and solving overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May involve merging or combining subproblem solutions</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>May involve selecting or choosing among subproblem solutions</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Suitable for problems that can be divided into independent parts</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Suitable for problems that can be solved by breaking them into overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May require additional space for recursive calls</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>May require additional space for storing solutions in a table</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Can have a higher space complexity</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Can have a lower space complexity</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Examples: Binary search, Maximum subarray problem</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Examples: Longest common subsequence, Knapsack problem</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Often uses a "divide," "conquer," and "combine" approach</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Often uses a "divide," "solve," and "combine" approach</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Requires solving all subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Requires solving only necessary subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May involve solving subproblems with the same parameters multiple times</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Avoids redundant computation by storing and reusing solutions</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May result in a simpler implementation</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>May require careful formulation and identification of subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May not be suitable for problems with overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Well-suited for problems with overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>No explicit storage of solutions</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Solutions are explicitly stored in a table or array</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Examples: Binary exponentiation, Closest pair problem</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Examples: Matrix chain multiplication, Longest increasing subsequence</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May have a higher memory overhead</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>May have a lower memory overhead</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Generally used when the subproblems are independent</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Generally used when the subproblems overlap</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Can have a higher number of recursive calls</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Can have a lower number of recursive calls</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Examples: Mergesort, Binary search tree operations</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Examples: Fibonacci series, Travelling salesman problem</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>May require a more detailed analysis of subproblems</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Requires careful identification of overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>Breaks the problem into smaller, non-overlapping parts</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>Breaks the problem into overlapping subproblems</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div></div></div></div><div _ngcontent-sc166="" id="target-content"><div id="exam-info-container"><div class="card lms-custom-style ui-js-external-links" id="target-content-html"><h2><b>Key Difference Between Divide and Conquer and Dynamic Programming</b></h2>
<ul><li><b>Approach</b>:
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Breaks a problem into smaller subproblems and solves them independently.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Breaks a problem into overlapping subproblems 
and solves them recursively or iteratively, storing their solutions.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Subproblem Dependency:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Subproblems are independent of each other.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Subproblems can overlap or share common subproblems.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Solution Utilization:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Does not utilize previously solved subproblem solutions.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Utilizes previously solved subproblem solutions by storing them for reuse.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Solution Construction:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: The solution is obtained by combining the solutions of independent subproblems.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: The solution is built by solving and combining overlapping subproblems iteratively or recursively.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Problem-Solving Order:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Solves the subproblems in a top-down manner.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Solves the subproblems in a bottom-up manner.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Time Complexity:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: May take longer to solve the problem.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Typically takes a shorter time to solve the problem.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Subproblem Nature:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Works well when subproblems are independent.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Works well when subproblems overlap or share common subproblems.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Example Algorithms:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Merge Sort, Quick Sort.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Fibonacci series, Knapsack problem.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Memory Usage:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Can be more memory-efficient in certain cases.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: May require more memory due to the storage of subproblem solutions.</li></ul>
</li><li><b>Approach Complexity:</b>
<ul><li>Divide and Conquer: Generally simpler to understand and implement.</li><li>Dynamic Programming: Can be more complex to understand and implement.</li></ul><p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0-lqiJ2k-GDhd0b67lfCgKlX7hamDF255HfgKVoH3BhP03Q0IFs1VBrsEDa8xZSvh289DuXdTmcNu-m1-A0a93WCaiwPV2a6Ns6jBsNEvXkjtUITgMnA4ofOcGjL2vMmgsTbKupkNFXrJS5wKhxUnO7KKY1LzgAoAaiGRtTRJwd2AcxwHv2aW8EB-bQg/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div _ngcontent-sc166="" id="target-content"><div id="exam-info-container"><div class="card lms-custom-style ui-js-external-links" id="target-content-html"><h2><b>Similarities Between Divide and Conquer and Dynamic Programming</b></h2>
<ul><li>Both Divide and Conquer and Dynamic Programming are algorithmic design paradigms used to solve complex problems.</li><li>Both paradigms involve breaking down the problem into smaller sub-problems to make it more manageable.</li><li>Both paradigms can be used to optimize solutions by using previously computed results to avoid redundant computations.</li><li>Both Divide Conquer and Dynamic Programming can result in efficient 
and optimal solutions, depending on the problem and the specific 
approach used.</li><li>Both paradigms can be used in various fields, such as computer science, mathematics, engineering, and more.</li><li>Both Divide Conquer and Dynamic Programming have trade-offs, such as
 time and space complexity, that must be considered when selecting the 
appropriate paradigm for a particular problem.</li><li>Both paradigms can be used in combination with other algorithmic 
design paradigms, such as Greedy Algorithms and Backtracking, to solve 
complex problems.</li></ul></div></div></div><p> </p><p> </p>
</li></ul></div></div></div>

Materials Difference between divide and conquer Vs Dynamic Programming

Divide and conquer solves problems by breaking them into smaller subproblems, while dynamic programming solves problems by breaking them...

NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 Operating Systems Video Tutorial for Important Topics

October 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p>  NEC CSE 3-1 Operating Systems Video Tutorial for Important Topics by preparing these topics, you can get good marks in your exams. All the topics links are provided for better undertaking. Take brief notes, practice problems if any.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSmJtZCcr7BU7T6JZgEwzbEgXlGn5cLICwCTLrJjQY6Dw&s" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="152" data-original-width="330" height="152" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSmJtZCcr7BU7T6JZgEwzbEgXlGn5cLICwCTLrJjQY6Dw&s" width="330" /></a></div><p>UNIT-I (Computer System and Operating System Overview)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=galio4ZS6jQ" target="_blank">Overview of Operating System - What operating systems do, User view, System view</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bt5aA4KbN1Y" target="_blank">Operating Systems functions </a> </p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7M0e1ohU1vE" target="_blank">Types of OS</a>  </p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXPBl20J22w&t=9s" target="_blank">Structures of Operating System</a> </p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghIRuRrjyBI" target="_blank">System Calls </a></p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD0PrF3fGSY" target="_blank">Operating systems generation</a></p><p>UNIT-II (Process Management) <br /></p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTv5aefIge4" target="_blank">Process Sate Diagram </a>   OR  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfHg5udgPDk" target="_blank">Link for 2nd Video</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zf4-qsi9OzY" target="_blank">PCB (Process Control Block)</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qigfSyHw9nc" target="_blank">Scheduling Queues, Schedulers</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMNGAxtZzvw" target="_blank">Operations- Process Creation, Process termination</a>  OR <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfHg5udgPDk" target="_blank">Link for 2nd Video</a></p><p>5.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCbtfVZw8eE" target="_blank">Inter process communication- Shared-Memory Systems</a></p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HW2Wcx-ktsc" target="_blank">Multi Thread programming models- Many to one, One to one, Many to Many model </a></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bWHFY8-rL5I&pp=ygUmUHJvY2VzcyBTY2hlZHVsaW5nIENyaXRlcmlhIGJ5anVzIGdhdGU%3D" target="_blank">Process Scheduling - Scheduling Criteria </a> </p><p>8.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DhFmL-6SDA" target="_blank">Preemptive and Non-Preemptive Scheduling</a></p><p>9. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-PAHqNbgwQ" target="_blank">First Come First Serve</a><br /></p><p>10. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XPIIyMSrpEI" target="_blank">Shortest job first</a><br /></p><p>11. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBsR0XSnqGc" target="_blank">Priority Scheduling</a></p><p>12. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tqs0_bpKKko" target="_blank">Round robin scheduling</a><br /></p><p>UNIT-III (Concurrency)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7n6JIYx9Ws&t=247s" target="_blank">Process Synchronization</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaiOqMWfu3k" target="_blank">The Critical-Section Problem-Peterson’s Solution  </a><br /></p><p>3.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYJu_XXuwSo" target="_blank">Synchronization Hardware</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXCz9GaqNkw" target="_blank">Semaphores- Usage, Implementation</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uP9ICOH0Xsw" target="_blank">Deadlock and Starvation</a></p><p>    5.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WMlalbl5wcI" target="_blank">Problems on Deadlock and Starvation</a></p><p>6. Classic Problems of Synchronization</p><p>     6.1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4K1ckNYYqI" target="_blank">Bounded buffer problem</a></p><p>      6.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l-IJ2UcWQhQ&t=15s" target="_blank">Readers writers’ problem</a></p><p>      6.3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qSBjGf-AF3w&t=8s" target="_blank">Dining-Philosophers problem</a> <br /></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ufdQ0GR855M" target="_blank">Monitors- Usage</a></p><p>8. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K52NiClfvyE" target="_blank">Dining-Philosophers solution using monitors.</a><br /></p><p>UNIT-III(Memory Management)</p><p>1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jTJ0p_sZJM" target="_blank">Memory Management</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s01OjTHhPqU&t=888s" target="_blank">Non-contiguous Memory Management technique</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LKcK_ULiDn4&t=23s" target="_blank">Partitions Algorithms</a> - First Fit, Best Fit, Worst Fit <br /></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt4LkPFt8Zg" target="_blank">Paging- Basic Method, Hardware Method, Protection, shared pages</a></p><p>  4.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsAutXxRVLo" target="_blank">Paging Numerical Example </a> <br /></p><p>5.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5StN2dwYYUk&t=18s" target="_blank">Multilevel Paging</a> OR Hierarchical Paging</p><p>6. Structure of the Page table- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaHXZPJhOZg&t=13s" target="_blank">Hashed Page Tables and Inverted Page Table</a><br /></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge8Ix11rVMs" target="_blank">Segmentation- Basic Method</a><br /></p><p>8. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1uP5aydJfM" target="_blank">Segmentation-hardwar</a>e<br /></p><p>UNIT-IV (Virtual Memory Management)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CC7WOwDjac" target="_blank">Virtual Memory. Demand Paging </a></p><p>2.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YP1vOIQCyck" target="_blank">Page-Replacement Algorithms</a></p><p>        2.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FREeWsiMQ0Y" target="_blank">FIFO page replacement</a></p><p>              2.1.1<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXNCq0V1q1U" target="_blank"> BELADY'S ANOMALY (FIFO PAGE REPLACEMENT ALGORITHM)</a></p><p>        2.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWCxELbZB_s" target="_blank">optimal page replacement</a></p><p>        2.3.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54Dto4u-Mro" target="_blank">LRU page replacement</a><br /></p><p>        2.4.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uL0xP57negc" target="_blank">LFU page replacement</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j2QujhrwLYA" target="_blank">Thrashing- Cause of Thrashing</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GXFx7zRWM08" target="_blank">Working set model</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-6jT6CH-0M" target="_blank">Page fault frequency</a> <br /></p><p>UNIT-IV (Principles of Deadlock)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRdGoBGksiY&t=986s" target="_blank">Necessary Conditions of Deadlock</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nybpSEMW7sE" target="_blank">Deadlock Prevention- Mutual exclusion, Hold and wait, No preemption, Circular wait</a><br /></p><p>3.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XV_U8feLJqQ" target="_blank">Deadlock Detection and Avoidance- Resource allocation Graph algorithm</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2N8iiDiHjXw" target="_blank">Banker’s algorithm</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBFrWu_gejE" target="_blank">Recovery Form Deadlock</a></p><p>UNIT - V (File System and Implementation) </p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSks2GpUx3Q" target="_blank">The Concept of a File</a><br /></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhr48wCtvKU" target="_blank">file attributes</a><br /></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhr48wCtvKU" target="_blank">file operations</a><br /></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lhr48wCtvKU" target="_blank">file types</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K7PVWaF7sX0" target="_blank">file structures</a></p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vno0Ra0wEg" target="_blank">Access Methods</a></p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eK_mEHG20PA" target="_blank">Directory Structure</a></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amEqusuNYQM" target="_blank">File Sharing</a></p><p>8. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK6L3v1b8AM" target="_blank">Allocation Methods</a></p><p>9.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hDBFSQRHPAU" target="_blank"> Free-Space Management</a></p><p>10. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KZNilAgOiOo" target="_blank">Disk Scheduling- </a></p><p>  10.1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtC4ZuhesHM&t=40s" target="_blank">FCFS scheduling</a></p><p>   10.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtC4ZuhesHM&t=40s" target="_blank">SSTF scheduling</a></p><p>   10.3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtC4ZuhesHM&t=40s" target="_blank">SCAN scheduling</a></p><p>   10.4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtC4ZuhesHM&t=40s" target="_blank">C-SCAN scheduling</a></p><p>   10.5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CtC4ZuhesHM&t=40s" target="_blank">LOOK scheduling </a><br /></p>

Materials NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 Operating Systems Video Tutorial for Important Topics

NEC CSE 3-1 Operating Systems Video Tutorial for Important Topics by preparing these topics, you can get good marks in your exams. All the...

NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 DWDM Video Tutorial for Important Topics

October 07, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p>Here some NEC CSE 3-1 DWDM Video Tutorial for Important Topics. By 
reading/watching these topics you can good marks in your external exams.
 Follow or book marks this blog for your exam preparation. </p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">Data mining is <b>the process of searching and analyzing a large batch of raw data in order to identify patterns and extract useful information</b>.
 Companies use data mining software to learn more about their customers.
 It can help them to develop more effective marketing strategies, 
increase sales, and decrease costs.</span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">Note: Click on the required topic to watch video. </span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://i0.wp.com/dataaspirant.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1-1.png?fit=700%2C450&ssl=1" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="700" height="450" src="https://i0.wp.com/dataaspirant.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/1-1.png?fit=700%2C450&ssl=1" width="700" /></a></div><br /> <p></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">UNIT-I (Introduction to data mining)</span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I0VSVBMVvKg" target="_blank">Data Mining and Challenges </a></span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykZ-_UGcYWg">Data Mining and knowledge extraction</a></span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">3.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qb_jOe_uGe8" target="_blank">Origin of Data Mining </a></span></span></p><p><span class="ILfuVd" lang="en"><span class="hgKElc">4. </span></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIjojqoO1hM" target="_blank">Attributes and Measurement, Types of attributes</a></p><p>5. Types of Data Sets --- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8PIxqsi1kk" target="_blank">Link-I</a>  OR Link-II </p><p>UNIT-II (Data:- Data Preprocessing)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ifGJk2S3Y4U&list=PL4gu8xQu0_5Le_OyCHx-fhTOIi-WDHjuy" target="_blank">Introduction to Data Preprocessing - Part-I </a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wZQM_9vhulg&list=PLLspfyoOYoQcI6Nno3gPkq0h5YSe81hsc&index=3" target="_blank">Introduction to Data Preprocessing - Part-II </a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qh0vdw-ylD4&t=310s" target="_blank">Aggregation as Data Preprocessing</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DYrNHwDG7Ps" target="_blank">Sampling as Data Preprocessing</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwN8RoPBXJM" target="_blank">Dimensionality Reduction - Attribute Selection</a> part-I</p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhcnEho7zRI" target="_blank">Dimensionality Reduction - Attribute Selection</a> part-II</p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KTzXVnRlnw4&t=138s" target="_blank">Feature Subset Selection</a>  </p><p>8. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MndK2zMDaU" target="_blank">Discretization and</a></p><p>9. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8ALVV_51kg" target="_blank">Binarization</a></p><p>10. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ipk2iUGziA" target="_blank">Measures of similarity and dissimilarity </a></p><p>UNIT-III (Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for Data Mining) </p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHYPF7jxlik" target="_blank">What is a Data Warehouse - Concepts</a></p><p>2.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lbx2_OYEUGE" target="_blank">Data Warehouse characteristics</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g5l9E3A7FwE" target="_blank">A
 Multidimensional Data Model: From tables to data cubes, Stars, 
snowflake, and fact constellations(schemas for multidimensional 
databases)</a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMPHwpw4Dn4" target="_blank">Examples for defining star, snowflake, and fact constellation schemas</a></p><p>5.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8G4KNT-8ko" target="_blank">Introducing concept hierarchies</a>  </p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NKbZMsddBI" target="_blank">OLAP operations in the multidimensional data model </a></p><p>7.  <a href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=A+starnet+query+model+for+querying+multidimensional+databases" target="_blank">A starnet query model for querying multidimensional databases</a></p><p>8. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H2ddkzFN7Kw" target="_blank">Data Warehouse Architecture: Steps for the design and construction of data warehouses</a>  </p><p>9. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QnDcu-0YsG0" target="_blank">OLAP server architectures:-ROLAP, MOLAP, HOLAP</a></p><p>UNIT-IV (Classification)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avj7_9Sg9Ac" target="_blank">General Approach to Solving a Classification Problem</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RmajweUFKvM&pp=ygUZSG93IGEgRGVjaXNpb24gVHJlZSBXb3Jrcw%3D%3D" target="_blank">How a Decision Tree Works</a> <br /></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=coOTEc-0OGw" target="_blank">How to Build a Decision Tree </a></p><p>4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLXRLxXT5Is" target="_blank">Methods for Expressing Attribute Test Conditions</a></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wefc_36d5mU" target="_blank">Measures for Selecting the Best Split </a> </p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mb3N4_pYtqE" target="_blank">Algorithm for Decision Tree Induction</a></p><p>7. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6SpA2Wuyt8" target="_blank">Model Over fitting</a>  </p><p>8. Evaluating the Performance of a Classifier:</p><p>   8.1.<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYCAH8b5AQ0" target="_blank">Cross Validation</a>  </p><p>   8.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4NnI3SBuww4" target="_blank">Hold-Out Method </a></p><p>   8.3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zWvGgThvZ7g" target="_blank">Random Sub sampling</a></p><p>   8.4. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAGIcnxB-PU" target="_blank">Bootstrap </a></p><p>9. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WCkrDI7VCs&t=1037s" target="_blank">Bayesian classifier</a></p><p>10. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTuewxav2Y8" target="_blank">Using Bayes theorem for classification</a></p><p>11. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzSlEA4ck2I&t=181s" target="_blank">Naïve Bayesian classifier</a>  </p><p>UNIT-IV (Association Analysis)</p><p>1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43CMKRHdH30" target="_blank">Apriori Algorithm</a></p><p>2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oGz4PCp9jI" target="_blank">FP-Growth algorithms</a></p><p>3. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrj6GEoyh2s" target="_blank">Different Types of Clustering</a></p><p>4. K-Means Clustering  </p><p>   4.1. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qg_M37WGKG8&t=6s" target="_blank">Theory </a></p><p>   4.2. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KzJORp8bgqs" target="_blank">Problem </a> <br /></p><p>5. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YH0r47m0kFM&t=21s" target="_blank">Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering</a></p><p>6. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-p354tQsKrs" target="_blank">DBSCAN Clustering </a><br /></p><p> </p>

Materials NEC B.Tech CSE 3-1 DWDM Video Tutorial for Important Topics

Here some NEC CSE 3-1 DWDM Video Tutorial for Important Topics. By reading/watching these topics you can good marks in your external exams....

Compare and contrast direct manipulation and indirect manipulation system

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> Direct manipulation and indirect manipulation are two different interaction styles that are used in human-computer interaction (HCI).</p><p><strong>Direct manipulation</strong> is an interaction style that allows users to interact with a computer system by directly manipulating objects on the screen. This is done by using a pointing device, such as a mouse or a touchscreen, to select, move, or resize objects. Direct manipulation is often seen as being more intuitive and easier to learn than other interaction styles.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226527078/figure/fig2/AS:667589562888195@1536177163600/Direct-manipulation-vs-indirect-manipulation.ppm" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="333" data-original-width="514" height="260" src="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226527078/figure/fig2/AS:667589562888195@1536177163600/Direct-manipulation-vs-indirect-manipulation.ppm" width="400" /></a></div><p><strong>Indirect manipulation</strong> is an interaction style that allows users to interact with a computer system by issuing commands to the system. This is done by using a keyboard, a mouse, or a touchscreen to select commands from a menu or to type in text. Indirect manipulation is often seen as being more powerful and flexible than direct manipulation.</p><p>Here is a table that compares and contrasts direct manipulation and indirect manipulation:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFGRi47JTIc4zwYFzPrQN77NkxPydZcwE7nNp9rsKqqVhqfsccvkzdICm3_LaPzE9QniSJFqeooF-rlQQV74ws6j8nTnjYYrztttaeoKZenNopOiQpiVY9cjrj1UcRw7f0FaX1Mfyjya3DT9aGXHY7rNh9sxCn_Uwes9a8-W3E_XYX8YgufFkqi3CDQ0w/s991/Screenshot%202023-07-09%20at%2011-33-44%20Try%20Bard%20an%20AI%20experiment%20by%20Google.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="405" data-original-width="991" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFGRi47JTIc4zwYFzPrQN77NkxPydZcwE7nNp9rsKqqVhqfsccvkzdICm3_LaPzE9QniSJFqeooF-rlQQV74ws6j8nTnjYYrztttaeoKZenNopOiQpiVY9cjrj1UcRw7f0FaX1Mfyjya3DT9aGXHY7rNh9sxCn_Uwes9a8-W3E_XYX8YgufFkqi3CDQ0w/w640-h262/Screenshot%202023-07-09%20at%2011-33-44%20Try%20Bard%20an%20AI%20experiment%20by%20Google.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="horizontal-scroll-wrapper"><div class="table-block-component"><table-block _nghost-ng-c681720924="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"><div _ngcontent-ng-c681720924="" class="table-block"><div _ngcontent-ng-c681720924="" class="table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted" hide-from-message-actions=""></div></div></table-block></div></div><div class="horizontal-scroll-wrapper"><div class="table-block-component"><table-block _nghost-ng-c681720924="" ng-version="0.0.0-PLACEHOLDER"><div _ngcontent-ng-c681720924="" class="table-block"><div _ngcontent-ng-c681720924="" class="table-footer hide-from-message-actions ng-star-inserted" hide-from-message-actions=""></div></div></table-block></div>
</div><p><strong>Which interaction style is better?</strong></p><p>There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question. The best interaction style for a particular task will depend on the specific needs of the user and the capabilities of the computer system.</p><p>In general, direct manipulation is a good choice for tasks that are simple and straightforward. Indirect manipulation is a good choice for tasks that are complex or require a lot of precision.</p><p>Ultimately, the best way to decide which interaction style is right for you is to try both and see which one you prefer.</p>

Materials Compare and contrast direct manipulation and indirect manipulation system

Direct manipulation and indirect manipulation are two different interaction styles that are used in human-computer interaction (HCI). Direc...

Discuss the similarities and differences between Graphical User Interface and Web Interface design

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> Here are some of the similarities and differences between graphical user interface (GUI) and web interface design:</p><p><strong>Similarities:</strong></p><ul>
<li><strong>Both use visual elements to communicate with users.</strong> This includes elements such as buttons, menus, icons, and text.</li>
<li><strong>Both are designed to be easy to use and intuitive.</strong> This means that users should be able to figure out how to use the interface without having to read a lot of instructions.</li>
<li><strong>Both are important for the overall usability of a computer system.</strong> A well-designed interface can make it easier for users to complete tasks and achieve their goals.</li>
</ul><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjANPoBi_gc74pVpwvym1y9uugnKqypaZ7MDTqkaeDr4YDh8ZQh3L_blqprSSJP90MdHReB-acaR6I-agIqGptKWFVszXOadfj_e6C7Iku89M6Dj5ENI6vYRatGKnZBHgXlf5-pCva9V7qb17Le1YKOc5rDUCakOa2M6zEGLmQTObn872NVw8desjEeBYw/s900/wt.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="900" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjANPoBi_gc74pVpwvym1y9uugnKqypaZ7MDTqkaeDr4YDh8ZQh3L_blqprSSJP90MdHReB-acaR6I-agIqGptKWFVszXOadfj_e6C7Iku89M6Dj5ENI6vYRatGKnZBHgXlf5-pCva9V7qb17Le1YKOc5rDUCakOa2M6zEGLmQTObn872NVw8desjEeBYw/s320/wt.png" width="320" /></a></div><p><strong>Differences:</strong></p><ul>
<li><strong>GUIs are designed for use on desktop computers, laptops, and other devices with a graphical display.</strong>
 Web interfaces are designed for use on the web, which means that they 
can be accessed from any device with an internet connection.</li>
<li><strong>GUIs are typically more complex than web interfaces.</strong> This is because they need to accommodate a wider range of tasks and user needs.</li>
<li><strong>Web interfaces are typically more responsive than GUIs.</strong> This is because they are not limited by the hardware capabilities of a particular device.</li>
</ul><p>Here are some additional considerations for GUI and web interface design:</p><ul>
<li><strong>GUI design:</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>Device compatibility:</strong> GUIs need to be designed to 
be compatible with a wide range of devices, including different screen 
sizes, resolutions, and operating systems.</li>
<li><strong>Accessibility:</strong> GUIs need to be designed to be accessible to users with disabilities.</li>
<li><strong>Usability:</strong> GUIs need to be designed to be easy to use and intuitive.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Web interface design:</strong>
<ul>
<li><strong>Responsiveness:</strong> Web interfaces need to be responsive, so that they can be used on a variety of devices with different internet speeds.</li>
<li><strong>Search engine optimization (SEO):</strong> Web interfaces need to be designed with SEO in mind, so that they can be easily found by users searching the web.</li>
<li><strong>Security:</strong> Web interfaces need to be designed with security in mind, so that user data is protected.</li>
</ul>
</li></ul>

Materials Discuss the similarities and differences between Graphical User Interface and Web Interface design

Here are some of the similarities and differences between graphical user interface (GUI) and web interface design: Similarities: Both use ...

Why is human computer interaction is important explain

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people interact with computers. It is a broad field that encompasses many different aspects of computer design, including the user interface, the user experience, and the overall usability of a computer system.</p><message-content _ngcontent-ng-c105984976="" _nghost-ng-c763372752="" class="model-response-text ng-tns-c105984976-37 ng-star-inserted" id="message-content-idr_ec6b5fdd739038ea" style="height: auto;"><div _ngcontent-ng-c763372752="" class="markdown markdown-main-panel" dir="ltr" style="--animation-duration: 600ms;"><p>HCI is important for a number of reasons. First, it helps to ensure that computers are designed in a way that is easy and intuitive for people to use. This can improve the user experience and make computers more accessible to a wider range of people.</p><p>Second, HCI can help to improve the usability of computer systems. This can lead to increased productivity, reduced errors, and improved customer satisfaction.</p><p>Third, HCI can help to make computers more accessible to people with disabilities. This is important because it can help to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to use computers and benefit from the technology.</p><p>Overall, HCI is an important field that can help to improve the way people interact with computers. By following HCI principles, designers can create computer systems that are easy to use, accessible, and effective.</p><p>Here are some of the benefits of good human-computer interaction:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Increased user satisfaction:</strong> A well-designed 
interface is easy to use and understand, which leads to increased user 
satisfaction. This is important because satisfied users are more likely 
to use your product or service again, and they are also more likely to 
recommend it to others.</li>
<li><strong>Improved productivity:</strong> A well-designed interface 
can help users to be more productive. This is because they can find what
 they need quickly and easily, and they are less likely to make 
mistakes.</li>
<li><strong>Reduced training costs:</strong> A well-designed interface 
is easier to learn, which means that users require less training. This 
can save businesses money on training costs.</li>
<li><strong>Increased sales:</strong> A well-designed interface can help
 to increase sales. This is because it makes it easier for users to find
 what they are looking for, and it also makes them more likely to 
complete a purchase.</li>
<li><strong>Enhanced brand reputation:</strong> A well-designed 
interface can enhance a brand's reputation. This is because it shows 
that the company cares about its users and that it is committed to 
providing a good user experience.</li>
</ul><p>In addition to these benefits, well-designed interfaces can also help to improve customer retention, reduce customer support costs, and increase market share.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSiA2X1iSdHLg1_BQdweRaXweWT7WwuK7vFw&usqp=CAU" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="163" data-original-width="310" height="163" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSiA2X1iSdHLg1_BQdweRaXweWT7WwuK7vFw&usqp=CAU" width="310" /></a></div><p>HCI is a growing field, and there are many opportunities for professionals who are interested in this area. If you are interested in a career in HCI, there are a number of things you can do to prepare. You can take courses in HCI, user experience design, and usability engineering. You can also gain experience by working on HCI projects or by volunteering with HCI organizations.</p><p>With the increasing importance of computers in our lives, HCI is a field that is only going to become more important in the future. If you are interested in this area, I encourage you to learn more about it and to consider a career in HCI.</p></div></message-content>

Materials Why is human computer interaction is important explain

Human-computer interaction (HCI) is the study of how people interact with computers. It is a broad field that encompasses many different as...

Discuss the impacts of inefficient screen design on processing times

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> Inefficient screen design can have a significant impact on processing times. Here are some of the ways in which inefficient screen design can slow down processing:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Cluttered screens:</strong> Cluttered screens can make it 
difficult for users to find the information they need. This can lead to 
users spending more time searching for information, which can slow down 
processing times.</li>
<li><strong>Poor navigation:</strong> Poor navigation can make it 
difficult for users to find their way around a screen. This can lead to 
users getting lost or confused, which can also slow down processing 
times.</li>
<li><strong>Unclear labels:</strong> Unclear labels can make it 
difficult for users to understand what information is being presented. 
This can lead to users having to spend more time interpreting the 
information, which can slow down processing times.</li>
<li><strong>Too many steps:</strong> Too many steps can make it 
difficult for users to complete a task. This can lead to users having to
 repeat steps or go back and forth between different screens, which can 
slow down processing times.</li>
</ul><p>In addition to these direct impacts, inefficient screen design can also have indirect impacts on processing times. For example, if a screen is difficult to use, users may be more likely to make mistakes. These mistakes can then lead to the need for additional processing time to correct them.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT_2RWpdQVanHPW1cpnwS6yFyKMqFqr8AAq2HLjp0adupzEysujbHpROjjPgyfU_LO2ZPA&usqp=CAU" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="128" data-original-width="395" height="207" src="https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT_2RWpdQVanHPW1cpnwS6yFyKMqFqr8AAq2HLjp0adupzEysujbHpROjjPgyfU_LO2ZPA&usqp=CAU" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p>Overall, inefficient screen design can have a significant impact on processing times. By carefully designing screens to be clear, concise, and easy to use, businesses can help to ensure that their users can complete their tasks quickly and efficiently.</p><p>Here are some tips for designing screens that are efficient and user-friendly:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Keep it simple:</strong> Use simple language and avoid jargon.</li>
<li><strong>Use clear and concise labels:</strong> Make sure that the labels on your screens are clear and easy to understand.</li>
<li><strong>Use consistent terminology:</strong> Use the same terminology throughout your screens.</li>
<li><strong>Provide clear navigation:</strong> Make sure that your screens are easy to navigate.</li>
<li><strong>Avoid clutter:</strong> Don't overload your screens with unnecessary information.</li>
<li><strong>Use visual cues:</strong> Use visual cues to help users understand what they are looking at.</li>
<li><strong>Get feedback:</strong> Get feedback from users to see how they are interacting with your screens.</li></ul>

Materials Discuss the impacts of inefficient screen design on processing times

Inefficient screen design can have a significant impact on processing times. Here are some of the ways in which inefficient screen design c...

Give the brief history of screen design

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p> Here is a brief history of screen design:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Early days (1970s)</strong>: The first screens were 
text-based and very simple. They were designed for command-line 
interaction, and they were not very user-friendly.</li>
<li><strong>The rise of graphical user interfaces (1980s)</strong>: The 
introduction of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) revolutionized screen 
design. GUIs made screens more visually appealing and easier to use. 
They also introduced new concepts such as windows, icons, and menus.</li>
<li><strong>The 1990s:</strong> The 1990s saw the continued development 
of GUIs. Screens became more sophisticated and more user-friendly. New 
technologies such as the mouse and the Internet also had a major impact 
on screen design.</li>
<li><strong>The 2000s and beyond:</strong> The 2000s saw the rise of 
mobile devices and touchscreens. This led to a new era of screen design,
 with a focus on simplicity and usability.</li>
</ul><p>Today, screen design is a complex and ever-evolving field. There are many different factors to consider when designing a screen, such as the user's needs, the device being used, and the context in which the screen will be used.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.ryte.com/wiki/img_auth.php/0/0e/Screendesign.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="600" height="400" src="https://en.ryte.com/wiki/img_auth.php/0/0e/Screendesign.png" width="600" /></a></div><p>Here are some of the key trends in screen design today:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Simplicity:</strong> Simple screens are easier to use and understand. They are also more visually appealing.</li>
<li><strong>Clarity:</strong> Clear screens are easy to read and understand. They use clear language and avoid jargon.</li>
<li><strong>Consistency:</strong> Consistent screens are easy to learn and remember. They use the same elements and the same terminology throughout.</li>
<li><strong>Efficiency:</strong> Efficient screens allow users to 
complete their tasks quickly and easily. They use clear navigation and 
avoid unnecessary clutter.</li>
<li><strong>Aesthetics:</strong> Aesthetically pleasing screens are more
 engaging and enjoyable to use. They use colors, fonts, and images that 
are pleasing to the eye.</li></ul>

Materials Give the brief history of screen design

Here is a brief history of screen design: Early days (1970s) : The first screens were text-based and very simple. They were designed for ...

What are the benefits of Well-designed interfaces

July 08, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<h3 style="text-align: left;"> User Interface Definition</h3><div style="text-align: justify;">The place where a person interacts with a computer or machine to execute tasks is known as the user interface (UI). A user interface’s objective is to allow users to successfully control a system or device with which they are engaging and get feedback to communicate effective task accomplishment.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>The user interface is the means or medium of the user’s interaction with a software application, website, or any device. <br /><br />The user interfaces are directly related to the application’s appearance, how the user sees it, and what information can get inferred from the interface.<br /><br />For user satisfaction, the user interface of the application or website or any other software product must be easy to understand. It should invoke the user’s interest in the product.<div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The user interface should attract the user to make use of the product. The user experience should be effortless and entertaining. A user’s comfort should get prioritized while designing the UI. Thus, it plays a vital role in product management while implementing the right product roadmap tools.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://chisellabs.com/glossary/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Benefits-of-well-designed-UI-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="444" data-original-width="800" height="355" src="https://chisellabs.com/glossary/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Benefits-of-well-designed-UI-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>Well-designed interfaces offer several benefits that enhance user experiences and improve overall efficiency. Here are some key advantages of well-designed interfaces:<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>1. Improved usability:</b> A well-designed interface focuses on simplicity and intuitiveness. It ensures that users can easily navigate and interact with the system or application, reducing the learning curve and minimizing errors. Clear and concise interface elements make it easier for users to understand how to perform tasks, resulting in increased usability.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>2. Enhanced user satisfaction:</b> When users find an interface intuitive and easy to use, it enhances their overall satisfaction. Well-designed interfaces consider user needs, preferences, and expectations, resulting in a positive user experience. Satisfied users are more likely to engage with the product, provide positive feedback, and become loyal customers.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>3. Increased productivity and efficiency:</b> A well-designed interface streamlines complex processes, making them more efficient and saving users' time and effort. By employing effective layout, organization, and visual cues, important information and functionalities are readily accessible, enabling users to complete tasks more quickly. This increased productivity benefits both individual users and organizations as a whole.</div><br /><b>4. Lower error rates:</b> Clear and well-structured interfaces help users understand the system's behavior and avoid errors. By providing informative feedback, preventing unintended actions, and guiding users through the interaction process, a well-designed interface minimizes mistakes. This not only saves time and frustration for users but also reduces the support burden for organizations.<br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>5. Consistency and familiarity: </b>Well-designed interfaces follow established design principles, including consistent visual styles, layout patterns, and interaction patterns. Consistency promotes familiarity, as users can rely on their existing knowledge and experience when interacting with new interfaces. This reduces cognitive load, improves efficiency, and makes it easier for users to transition between different systems or applications.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="font-weight: bold;">6. Brand reinforcement: </b>Interfaces often serve as a representation of a brand or organization. Well-designed interfaces can reinforce brand identity by incorporating consistent branding elements, such as colors, logos, and typography. This helps to establish a visual connection between the interface and the organization, creating a cohesive user experience and strengthening brand recognition.</div><br /><b>7. Accessibility and inclusivity:</b> A well-designed interface considers accessibility and inclusivity from the outset. It ensures that users with disabilities can interact with the system effectively by providing features such as alternative text for images, keyboard navigation support, and proper color contrast. By prioritizing accessibility, well-designed interfaces cater to a broader audience, promoting inclusivity and equal access to information and services.<div><p>In addition to these benefits, well-designed interfaces can also help to improve customer retention, reduce customer support costs, and increase market share.</p><p>Here are some of the key principles of good user interface design:</p><ul>
<li><strong>Clarity:</strong> The interface should be clear and easy to 
understand. Users should be able to figure out how to use the interface 
without having to read a lot of instructions.</li>
<li><strong>Consistency:</strong> The interface should be consistent 
throughout. This means that the same actions should have the same 
results, and the same elements should be used in the same way throughout
 the interface.</li>
<li><strong>Efficiency:</strong> The interface should be efficient. Users should be able to complete their tasks quickly and easily.</li>
<li><strong>Flexibility:</strong> The interface should be flexible enough to accommodate different users and different tasks.</li>
<li><strong>Aesthetics:</strong> The interface should be aesthetically 
pleasing. The design should be visually appealing and should create a 
positive user experience.</li>
</ul><p>By following these principles, you can create well-designed interfaces that will benefit your users and your business.</p></div>

Materials What are the benefits of Well-designed interfaces

User Interface Definition The place where a person interacts with a computer or machine to execute tasks is known as the user interface (UI...

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<p><b>UNIT– I</b></p><p><b>Starting Hadoop:</b> -Google File System, -The building blocks of Hadoop: Namenode, Datanode, Secondary Namenode, JobTracker, TaskTracker. -Setting up SSH for a Hadoop cluster: Define a common account, Verify SSH installation, Generate SSH key pair, Distribute public key and validate logins. - Running Hadoop: Local (standalone) mode, Pseudo-distributed mode, Fully distributed mode.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1XGuRk8vdU4Haxu0X0dAxsMSwBAY0XRyX" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Material Here </a></b></p><p><b>UNIT–II</b></p><p><b>MapReduce:</b> -A Weather Dataset: Data Format, -Analyzing the Data with Hadoop: Map and Reduce, Java MapReduce: A test run, The old and the new Java MapReduce APIs.</p><p>Basic programs of Hadoop MapReduce: Driver code, Mapper code, Reducer code, RecordReader, Combiner, Partitioner.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=11UwSrZMnjziJBCoYhxesNauuHByJYjq2" target="_blank">Download UNIT-II Material Here</a> </b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J0o_i0ZuaRNZ_SH9y4E_ars8-FFJF4oBfEWewhygQymSrvxouL1erbUdoAfleAJeEgdfk7VUPTxpNU61z2fX6DUH9AvkVFKwmDuHQhDavX2AA_dpObhA37Hz-VoMFwx7gfpUfe9pPV-a4ziKK6soh_9EYEeQX5rLXatWtzll45co6dyMytJj9Aps/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J0o_i0ZuaRNZ_SH9y4E_ars8-FFJF4oBfEWewhygQymSrvxouL1erbUdoAfleAJeEgdfk7VUPTxpNU61z2fX6DUH9AvkVFKwmDuHQhDavX2AA_dpObhA37Hz-VoMFwx7gfpUfe9pPV-a4ziKK6soh_9EYEeQX5rLXatWtzll45co6dyMytJj9Aps/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p><b>UNIT–III</b></p><p><b>Programming with RDDs:</b> What Is Apache Spark, RDD Basics, Creating RDDs, RDD Operations, Passing Functions to Spark, Common Transformations and Actions, Persistence (Caching).</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1AOVUpEiB76qwxgBg7L5G-vuF-p2Z0GKi" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III Material Here Part-I</a> </b></p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1SICK8J6T4USKidQbNYIQC9mHZ0j4wJg_" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III Material Here Part-I </a></b></p><p><b>UNIT-IV</b></p><p><b>Pig:</b> Hadoop Programming Made Easier: -Admiring the Pig Architecture, -Going with the Pig Latin Application Flow, -Working through the ABCs of Pig Latin: Uncovering Pig Latin structures, Looking at Pig data types and syntax. -Evaluating Local and Distributed Modes of Running Pig Scripts, -Checking out the Pig Script Interfaces, -Scripting with Pig Latin</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1WObo6n9SdoKjpdBQsqnHbr3n4V-cU_yT" target="_blank">Download UNIT-IV Material Here</a> </b></p><p><b>UNIT-V</b></p><p><b>Applying Structure to Hadoop Data with Hive</b>: -Saying Hello to Hive, -Seeing How the Hive is Put Together, -Getting Started with Apache Hive, -Examining the Hive Clients: The Hive CLI client, The web browser as Hive client, SQuirreL as Hive client with the JDBC Driver. -Working with Hive Data Types, -Creating and Managing Databases and Tables: Managing Hive databases, Creating and managing tables with Hive. -Seeing How the Hive Data Manipulation Language Works: LOAD DATA examples, INSERT examples, Create Table As Select (CTAS) examples. Querying and Analyzing Data: Joining tables with Hive, Improving your Hive queries with indexes, Windowing in HiveQL, Other key HiveQL features.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1VVCJIe5s64Bkxhzg1R0GnRx-PGhJSEy-" target="_blank">Download UNIT-V Material Here</a> </b></p>

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UNIT– I Starting Hadoop: -Google File System, -The building blocks of Hadoop: Namenode, Datanode, Secondary Namenode, JobTracker, TaskTrack...

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<p><b>UNIT-I</b></p><p><b>Web Servers and Servlets</b>: Tomcat web server, introducing java Servlet, Introducing the servlet API, Lifecycle of a Servlet, Working with Initialization Parameters, Describing the HttpServlet Request & HttpServletResponse interfaces, Cookies, Session Tracking, Security Issues.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1sNfXsEd58y0esIKzc11z5NdlHpCwgeOh" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Material Here</a></b></p><p><b>UNIT-II</b></p><p><b>Introduction to JSP: </b>The Problem with Servlet. The Anatomy of a JSP Page, JSP Processing. JSP Application Design with MVC. JSP Application Development: Generating Dynamic Content: directive elements, what is template text, action elements. Using Scripting Elements, Implicit JSP Objects. Conditional Processing: Displaying Values Using an Expression to Set an Attribute, Declaring Variables and Methods.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1AZjnyvoXM_UYziirWDc9_6pCxuyEhTRt" target="_blank">Download UNIT-II Material Here</a></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J0o_i0ZuaRNZ_SH9y4E_ars8-FFJF4oBfEWewhygQymSrvxouL1erbUdoAfleAJeEgdfk7VUPTxpNU61z2fX6DUH9AvkVFKwmDuHQhDavX2AA_dpObhA37Hz-VoMFwx7gfpUfe9pPV-a4ziKK6soh_9EYEeQX5rLXatWtzll45co6dyMytJj9Aps/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J0o_i0ZuaRNZ_SH9y4E_ars8-FFJF4oBfEWewhygQymSrvxouL1erbUdoAfleAJeEgdfk7VUPTxpNU61z2fX6DUH9AvkVFKwmDuHQhDavX2AA_dpObhA37Hz-VoMFwx7gfpUfe9pPV-a4ziKK6soh_9EYEeQX5rLXatWtzll45co6dyMytJj9Aps/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>UNIT-III</b></p><p><b>JSP:</b> Error Handling and Debugging, Implicit JSP Objects, Sharing Data between JSP pages, Requests, and Users Passing Control and Data between Pages: passing the control between the pages, passing the data between JSP pages passing the data between JSP pages using session object, Memory Usage Considerations.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=13mkyaikeT0vm8IpaBGGQhmDIXdekWMy7" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III Material Here</a></b></p><p><b>UNIT-IV</b></p><p><b>JDBC</b>: Introduction, Database Programming Using JDBC: How JDBC Works, JDBC Architecture, JDBC Driver Types, Accessing Database From JSP page: Use of Prepared Statement, ResultSet.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1IHkR3VuEn06-3SAMM6_QISmFZUdhmbEg" target="_blank">Download UNIT-IV Material Here</a></b></p><p><b>UNIT-V</b></p><p><b>PHP</b>: Introduction to PHP, Creating PHP script, Running PHP script. Working with variables and constants, Data types, Operators. Controlling program flow, Working with Arrays, Built-in functions in PHP, user-defined functions in PHP, recursive, variable, and callback functions. User and Database Interface: Database programming, Working with forms, validating a form, Working with Databases such as MySQL</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1mKISRt5DrDu2wXPDScrzkKaWCQhukcjI/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-V Material Here</a></b></p>

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UNIT-I Web Servers and Servlets : Tomcat web server, introducing java Servlet, Introducing the servlet API, Lifecycle of a Servlet, Working ...

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<b>UNIT- I</b><br /><br />Introduction to Ad Hoc Networks: Characteristics of MANETs, applications of MANETs, and challenges of MANETs.<br /><br />Routing in Adhoc Networks: Introduction, Topology based versus Position based approaches, Topology based routing Protocols and Position based routing Protocols<div><br /></div><div>Download UNIT-I Material Here <br /><br /><b>UNIT- II<br /></b><br />TCP over Ad Hoc: TCP protocol overview, TCP and MANETs and Solutions for TCP over Ad hoc</div><div><br /></div><div>Download UNIT-II Material Here</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioeCtdiLKy2M-iF91_uUwVxRuyIwQnZaVZnVnEjl7MDhHB5QtIylkSOlCZCj-LMOyUd77-MfOctsq7u_do2_QAK5HoVVpdyAQQ96xvXpf5nnAHRSpxyLkNMaRY_ypQtrDVlXzWmPiMnbS5y6ddCQkJeHHl83ZexXfp1NVfGNFIACuc6R1pLa3DIMO9/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioeCtdiLKy2M-iF91_uUwVxRuyIwQnZaVZnVnEjl7MDhHB5QtIylkSOlCZCj-LMOyUd77-MfOctsq7u_do2_QAK5HoVVpdyAQQ96xvXpf5nnAHRSpxyLkNMaRY_ypQtrDVlXzWmPiMnbS5y6ddCQkJeHHl83ZexXfp1NVfGNFIACuc6R1pLa3DIMO9/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /><br /><b>UNIT- III</b><br /><br />Basics of Wireless Sensors and applications: Sensing and Communication Range, Design Issues, Energy consumption, Clustering of Sensors. Applications of Sensor Networks.</div><div><br /></div><div>Download UNIT-II Material Here<br /><br /><b>UNIT- IV</b><br /><br />Data Retrieval in Sensor Networks: MAC layer, Routing layer, High-level application layer support</div><div><br /></div><div>Download UNIT-IV Material Here<br /><br /><b>UNIT- V</b><br /><br />Integrating MANETs, WLANs, and Cellular Network: Introduction, Ingredients of a Heterogeneous Architecture, Protocol stack, Comparison of the Integrated Architectures</div><div><br /></div><div>Download UNIT-V Material Here</div><div><br /></div><div> <b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1GwNwqo_ziI7AenIp3UjbvO9YdW7ZMtpI" target="_blank">NEC CSE 4-1 R20 MASN All 5 UNITS in one PDF Material Download Here</a></b></div>

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UNIT- I Introduction to Ad Hoc Networks: Characteristics of MANETs, applications of MANETs, and challenges of MANETs. Routing in Adhoc Netwo...

NEC CSE 4-1 R20 Human Computer Interaction Material Download

June 05, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p><b>UNIT – I</b></p><p>Introduction: Importance of user Interface – definition, importance of good design. Benefits of good design. A brief history of Screen design.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1TrvA655MVEUGTiChLhH3kKsIAAF_lhmx" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Material Here</a></b> </p><p><b>UNIT – II</b></p><p>The graphical user interface – popularity of graphics, the concept of direct manipulation, graphical system, Characteristics, Web user – Interface popularity, characteristics- Principles of user interface.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1r429waO0c_dc7AC3D6bXi2Nzxv8fIAcg" target="_blank">Download UNIT-II Material Here</a></b> </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>UNIT – III</b></p><p>Design process – Human interaction with computers, importance of human characteristics human consideration, Human interaction speeds.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1c_18RJ1I_qKrBandCLNdmsFzAcSidlh0" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III Material Here</a></b> </p><p><b>UNIT – IV</b></p><p>Screen Designing : Design goals – Screen planning and purpose, organizing screen elements, ordering of screen data and content – screen navigation and flow – Visually pleasing composition – amount of information – focus and emphasis – presentation information simply and meaningfully – information retrieval on web – statistical graphics.</p><p><b>Download UNIT-IV Material Here</b> </p><p><b>UNIT – V</b></p><p>Windows – New and Navigation schemes selection of window, selection of devices based and screen based controls.</p><p>Components – text and messages, Icons and increases – Multimedia, colors, uses problems, choosing colors</p><p><b>Download UNIT-V Material Here</b> </p>

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UNIT – I Introduction: Importance of user Interface – definition, importance of good design. Benefits of good design. A brief history of Scr...

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<p><b>UNIT- I</b></p><p><b>Introduction to Cybercrime:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Introduction, Cybercrime: Definition and Origins of the Word, Cybercrime and Information Security, Who are Cybercriminals? , Classifications of Cybercrimes, Cybercrime: The Legal Perspectives, Cybercrimes: An Indian Perspective, Cybercrime and the Indian ITA 2000, A Global Perspective on Cybercrimes, Cybercrime Era: Survival Mantra for the Netizens.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1-AJNu9KViKUxqfX3Fl_aeZnBBPCStaz4" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Part-I Material Here</a></b></p><p><b>Cyber offenses:</b> How Criminals Plan Them –Introduction, How Criminals Plan the Attacks, Social Engineering, Cyber stalking, Cyber cafe and Cybercrimes, Botnets: The Fuel for Cybercrime, Attack Vector Cloud Computing.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1qc7khOkoZFC5Pkr9jpF1V_npzMKr2GaC" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Part-II Material Here</a> </b></p><p><b>UNIT –II</b></p><p><b>Cybercrime Mobile and Wireless Devices:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Introduction, Proliferation of Mobile and Wireless Devices, Trends in Mobility, Credit Card Frauds in Mobile and Wireless Computing Era, Security Challenges Posed by Mobile Devices, Registry Settings for Mobile Devices, Authentication Service Security, Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones, Mobile Devices: Security Implications for Organizations, Organizational Measures for Handling Mobile, Organizational Security Policies and Measures in Mobile Computing Era, Laptops.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=16OfKAMcW3Nlo-cdAAP_h-ZUnoVInSFQF" target="_blank">Download UNIT-II Material Here</a></b></p><p><b>UNIT –III</b></p><p><b>Tools and Methods Used in Cybercrime:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Introduction, Proxy Servers and Anonymizers, Phishing, Password Cracking, Key loggers and Spywares, Virus and Worms, Trojan Horses and Backdoors, Steganography, DoS and DDoS Attacks, SQL Injection, Buffer Overflow, Attacks on Wireless Networks, Phishing and Identity Theft: Introduction, Phishing, Identity Theft(IDTheft)</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1h2yTAdU1JR_BerzM1k3GOGu54U778Hz4" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III Material Here</a></b> </p><p><b>UNIT –IV</b></p><p><b>Cybercrimes and Cyber security:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Why Do We Need Cyber laws: The Indian Context, The Indian IT Act, Challenges to Indian Law and Cybercrime Scenario in India, Consequences of Not Addressing the Weakness in Information Technology Act, Digital Signatures and the Indian IT Act, Information Security Planning and Governance, Information Security Policy Standards, Practices, The information Security Blueprint, Security education, Training and awareness program, Continuing Strategies.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1svwvc7ujYwiHA6CosRdwSlzQjLQYcNPy" target="_blank">Download UNIT-IV Material Here</a></b> </p><p><b>UNIT –V</b></p><p><b>Understanding Computer Forensics:</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">Introduction, Historical Background of Cyber forensics, Digital Forensics Science, The Need for Computer Forensics, Cyber forensics and Digital Evidence, Forensics Analysis of E-Mail, Digital Forensics Life Cycle, Chain of Custody Concept, Network Forensics, Approaching a Computer Forensics Investigation, Computer Forensics and Steganography, Relevance of the OSI 7 Layer Model to Computer Forensics, Forensics and Social Networking Sites: The Security/Privacy Threats, Computer Forensics from Compliance Perspective, Challenges in Computer Forensics, Special Tools and Techniques, Forensics Auditing, Antiforensics.</p><p><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=1Cukfdaz8a-BAkQNBCCdjIgSMficFQUkZ" target="_blank">Download UNIT-V Material Here</a></b> </p>

Materials Syllabus NEC CSE 4-1 R20 Cyber Security Material Download

UNIT- I Introduction to Cybercrime: Introduction, Cybercrime: Definition and Origins of the Word, Cybercrime and Information Security, Who a...

NEC M.Tech CSE 2nd Sem Data Science Material

June 04, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>UNIT-I</b></p><div style="text-align: justify;">What is Data science?, The Data science process, A data scientist role in this process, NumPy Basics:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">The NumPy ndarray: A Multidimensional Array Object(Creating ndarrays ,Data Types for ndarrays,</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Operations between Arrays and Scalars, Basic Indexing and Slicing, Boolean Indexing, Fancy</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Indexing, Transposing Arrays and Swapping Axes), Universal Functions:(Fast Element-wise Array</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Functions), Data Processing Using Arrays(Expressing Conditional Logic as Array Operations ,</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Mathematical and Statistical Methods , Methods for Boolean Arrays , Sorting , Unique and Other Set</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Logic), File Input and Output with Arrays ( Storing Arrays on Disk in Binary Format, Saving and</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Loading Text Files)</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Jz-TcjI0PACtgF2pB4Lds3cSjOGrXIr3/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Material Here</a> </b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div><div><b>UNIT-II</b></div><div><br /></div>Getting Started with pandas: Introduction to pandas Data Structures(Series,DataFrame,Index Objects),</div><div><br />Essential Functionality( Reindexing,Dropping entries from an axis, Indexing, selection, and filtering,</div><div><br />Arithmetic and data alignment, Sorting and ranking, Axis indexes with duplicate values), Summarizing</div><div><br />and Computing Descriptive Statistics(Correlation and Covariance, Unique Values, Value Counts, and</div><div><br />Membership), Handling Missing Data( Filtering Out Missing Data, Filling in Missing Data),</div><div><br />Hierarchical Indexing(Reordering and Sorting Levels, Using a Data Frame's Columns ).</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JggdAGeB17on6wW_bNl8VkwyAKISGT--/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-II Material Here</a> </b></span></div><div><br /></div><b>UNIT-III</b><div><br />Data Loading, Storage, and File Formats : Reading and Writing Data in Text Format( Reading Text<div><br />Files in Pieces, Writing Data Out to Text Format, Manually Working with Delimited Formats, JSON</div><div><br />Data, XML and HTML: Web Scraping), Binary Data Formats(Using HDF5 Format, Reading</div><div><br />Microsoft Excel Files),Interacting with HTML and Web APIs, Interacting with Databases( Storing and</div><div><br />Loading Data in MongoDB ).</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WpXYijUKnNLcAxp8gHH24ahnOlQnh-B5/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><b>Download UNIT-III Material Here</b> </a></span><br /><div><br /></div><b>UNIT-IV</b></div><div><br />Data Wrangling: Clean, Transform, Merge, Reshape:Combining and Merging Data Sets( Databasestyle</div><div><br />DataFrame Merges, Merging on Index, Concatenating Along an Axis, Combining Data with</div><div><br />Overlap), Reshaping and Pivoting( Reshaping with Hierarchical Indexing, Pivoting “long” to “wide”</div><div><br />Format), Data Transformation( Removing Duplicates, Transforming Data Using a Function or</div><div><br /></div><div> Mapping, Replacing Values, Renaming Axis Indexes, Discretization and Binning, Detecting and</div><div><br />Filtering Outliers)<div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s8j1t3vqQAmIb9j5z0p9u2DjXPjKkj4b/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-IV Material Here</a></b> </span></div><div><br /></div><div><div><b>UNIT-V</b></div><div><br />Plotting and Visualization: A Brief matplotlib API Primer (Figures and Subplots, Colors, Markers, and</div><div><br />Line Styles, Ticks, Labels, and Legends, Annotations and Drawing on a Subplot, Saving Plots to File),</div><div><br />Plotting Functions in pandas (Line Plots, Bar Plots, Histograms and Density Plots, Scatter Plots)</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s8j1t3vqQAmIb9j5z0p9u2DjXPjKkj4b/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-V Material Here </a></b></span></div><div><br /><b>UNIT-VI</b></div><div><br />Data Aggregation and Group Operations: GroupBy Mechanics( Iterating Over Groups, Selecting a</div><div><br />Column or Subset of Columns, Grouping with Dicts and Series, Grouping with Functions, Grouping by</div><div><br />Index Levels) Data Aggregation(Column-wise and Multiple Function Application, Returning</div><div><br />Aggregated Data in “unindexed” Form), Group-wise Operations and Transformations(Apply: General</div><div><br />split-apply-combine, Quantile and Bucket Analysis, Example: Filling Missing Values with Group</div><div><br /></div><div> specific Values, Example: Random Sampling and Permutation, Example: Group Weighted Average</div><div><br />and Correlation, Example: Group-wise Linear Regression)</div></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHNlpKBXHlmFGsEbrju6lyKptD4UPxQq/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-VII Material Here</a></b> </span></div></div></div>

Materials Syllabus NEC M.Tech CSE 2nd Sem Data Science Material

UNIT-I What is Data science?, The Data science process, A data scientist role in this process, NumPy Basics: The NumPy ndarray: A Multidimen...

NEC CSE 3-1 R20 Data Warehouse and Data Mining Syllabus and Materials PDF

June 04, 2023 CSE MENTORS 0

<b>UNIT– I</b><br /><br /><b>Introduction to data mining:</b> -What Is Data Mining, -Motivating Challenges, -The Origins of Data Mining, -Data Mining Tasks, -Types of Data: Attributes and Measurement, Types of Data Sets, -Data Quality: Measurement and Data Collection Issues, Issues Related to Applications.<div><br /></div><div><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1L9EbaTR2PxqVm5ztwjVaCpqq8fUcKA_9/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-I Material Here </a><br /></b><br /><b>UNIT–II</b><br /><br /><b> Data Preprocessing</b>: Aggregation, Sampling, Dimensionality Reduction, Feature Subset Selection, Feature Creation, Discretization and Binarization, Variable Transformation, -Measures of similarity and dissimilarity: Basics, Similarity and Dissimilarity between Simple Attributes, Dissimilarities between Data Objects, Similarities between Data Objects, Examples of Proximity Measures.<div><br /></div><div><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bXzZfZEpNm9_d4FfmeVKZwmSdbw1aTeW/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><b>Download UNIT-II Data Preprocessing Material Here</b> </a><br /><b><br />Exploring data</b>: -The Iris Data set, -Summary Statistics: Frequencies and the Mode, Percentiles, Measures of Location: Mean and Median, Measures of Spread: Range and Variance, Multivariate Summary Statistics, Other Ways to Summarize the Data.<div><br /></div><div><b>Download UNIT-II Exploring Data Material Here </b></div><div><b><br /></b></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s1024/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="548" data-original-width="1024" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWSBVb_fHhfg3BeNEIQA2PHBAudW7VvKBnY_vcxeAnbMQndwbr0koHvWKi1-aBezeCS27TMy1IDFREhFZglYT9DP66cWXLrPQSuDRuoyjh3QdfcuYPglc6SJMH9dmCPMaGKYBpSwxMpRsZsSYlD_3468SdQIT-Fw688k1S6KqU7itG2OKCjgeIpsIA/s320/Study-Materials-1024x548.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><br /><b>UNIT–III<br /></b><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Data Warehouse and OLAP Technology for Data Mining:</b> -What is a Data Warehouse, -A Multidimensional Data Model: From tables to data cubes, Stars, snowflake, and fact constellations(schemas for multidimensional databases), Examples for defining star, snowflake, and fact constellation schemas, Measures(their categorization and computation), Introducing concept hierarchies, OLAP operations in the multidimensional data model, A starnet query model for querying multidimensional databases, -Data Warehouse Architecture: Steps for the design and construction of data warehouses, A three-tier data warehouse architecture, OLAP server</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: start;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pFEbDL5p6877O8LxbR3YBs_O_apYFsYO/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-III  Data Warehouse and OLAP Material Here</a></b> </span></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Architectures</b>: ROLAP vs. MOLAP vs. HOLAP, SQL extensions to support OLAP operations, Data Warehouse implementation: Efficient computation of data cubes, Indexing OLAP data, Efficient processing of OLAP queries, Metadata repository, Data warehouse back-end tools and utilities, -Further development of data cube technology: Discovery-driven exploration of data cubes, Complex aggregation at multiple granularities (Multifeature cubes), -From data warehousing to data mining: Data warehouse usage, From online analytical processing to online analytical mining.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pFEbDL5p6877O8LxbR3YBs_O_apYFsYO/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="text-align: start;">Download UNIT-III </span>Architectures <span style="text-align: start;">Material Here </span></a></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><b>UNIT-IV</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Classification:</b> Basic Concepts, Decision Trees, and Model Evaluation: -Preliminaries, - General Approach to Solving a Classification Problem, Decision Tree Induction: How a Decision Tree Works, How to Build a Decision Tree, Methods for Expressing Attribute Test Conditions, Measures for Selecting the Best Split, Algorithm for Decision Tree Induction, -Model Overfitting: Overfitting Due to Presence of Noise, Overfitting Due to Lack of Representative Samples, Evaluating the Performance of a Classifier: Holdout Method, Random Subsampling, Cross Validation, Bootstrap.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><b>Classification</b>: alternative techniques: -Bayesian classifier: Bayes Theorem, Using Bayes theorem for classification, Naïve Bayesian classifier.<div><br /><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1taWFZon2Ueyr78yiXLGPkimOhs8qY6An/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank">Download UNIT-IV<span style="text-align: justify;"> </span>Material Here </a></b></div><div><br /><b>UNIT-V</b><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Association Analysis</b>: Basic Concepts and Algorithms: -Problem Definition, -Frequent Itemset Generation: The Apriori principle, Frequent Itemset Generation in the Apriori Algorithm, Candidate Generation and Pruning, Support Counting, -Rule Generation: Confidence-Based Pruning, -Compact Representation of Frequent Itemsets: Maximal Frequent Itemsets, Closed Frequent Itemsets, -FP-Growth algorithms: FP-Tree Representation, Frequent Itemset Generation in FP-Growth Algorithm.</div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>Cluster Analysis</b>: Basic Concepts and Algorithms: -Overview: What is Cluster Analysis? Different Types of Clustering, Different Types of Clusters, -K-means: The Basic K-means Algorithm, K-means Additional Issues, Bisecting K-means, K-means and Different Types of Clusters, Strengths and Weaknesses, -Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering: Basic Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering Algorithm, Specific Techniques, -DBSCAN: Traditional Density (center based approach), The DBSCAN algorithm, Strengths and Weaknesses.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NZKL_eKTMV-XfDCySk39ITsy98tFxiO9/view?usp=sharing" target="_blank"><span style="text-align: start;">Download UNIT-V </span><span style="text-align: start;">Material Here </span></a></b></div></div></div></div></div>

Materials Syllabus NEC CSE 3-1 R20 Data Warehouse and Data Mining Syllabus and Materials PDF

UNIT– I Introduction to data mining: -What Is Data Mining, -Motivating Challenges, -The Origins of Data Mining, -Data Mining Tasks, -Types ...